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| + | {{Template:Infobox humanmummy |
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| − | ='''Saltmen'''= |
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| + | |image = Salt.png |
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| − | == <span style="color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;line-height:22px;">The </span>'''Saltmen'''<span style="color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;line-height:22px;"> were discovered in the Chehrabad salt mines, located on the southern part of the Hamzehlu village, on the west side of the city of </span>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zanjan_(city) Zanjan]<span style="color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;line-height:22px;">, in the </span>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zanjan_Province Zanjan Province]<span style="color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;line-height:22px;"> in </span>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran Iran]<span style="color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;line-height:22px;">. By 2010 the remains of six men had been discovered, most of them accidentally killed by the collapse of galleries they were working in.</span><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Aali2012_1-0" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saltmen#cite_note-Aali2012-1 [1]]</sup><span style="color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;line-height:22px;"> The head and left foot of Salt Man 1 are on display at the </span>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Museum_of_Iran National Museum of Iran]<span style="color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;line-height:22px;"> in </span>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tehran Tehran]<span style="color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;line-height:22px;">.</span> == |
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| + | |name =Salt Men |
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| − | == <span style="color:black;font-family:'LinuxLibertine',Georgia,Times,serif;font-size:1.5em;line-height:1.3;">Discovery</span> == |
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| + | |age = varied |
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| − | <p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;">In the winter of 1993, miners came across a body with long [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hair hair], a [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beard beard] and some [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artifact_(archaeology) artifacts]. These included the remains of a body, a lower leg inside a [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leather leather] [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boot boot], three [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iron iron] [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knife knives], a [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wool woollen] half trouser, a [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silver silver] [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sewing_needle needle], a [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sling_(weapon) sling], parts of a leather [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rope rope], a [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grindstone_(tool) grindstone], a [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walnut walnut], some [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pottery pottery] sherds, some patterned [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Textile textile] fragments, and finally a few broken [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bone bones]. The body had been buried in the middle of a tunnel approximately 45 metres in length.</p> |
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| + | |sex = m |
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| + | |status = workers |
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| + | |height = |
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| + | |culture = Persian |
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| + | |dates =550 BC - AD 650 |
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| + | |site =Chehrabad salt mines |
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| + | |location = Zanjan Archaeology Museum |
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| + | |catalogue = }}<span style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:sans-serif;lineheight: 19.1875px;"> </span> |
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| + | '''The Saltmen''' were discovered in the Chehrabad salt mines, located on the southern part of the Hamzehlu village, in the Zanjan Province in Iran. By 2010 the remains of six men had been discovered, most of them likely accidentally killed by the collapse of galleries they were working in. The head and left foot of Salt Man 1 are on display at the National Museum of Iran in Tehran. |
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| − | <p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;">In 2004 another salt miner found the remains of a second man. During archaeological excavations in 2005, the remains of another two, well-preserved, men were found. In 2006 the Iranian Cultural Heritage News Agency partnered with [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_Mining_Museum German Mining Museum] in [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bochum Bochum] ([https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germany Germany]), in 2007 with [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Oxford University of Oxford]and the Swiss [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Zurich University of Zurich] for thorough investigations. A scientific long-term project was started supported by [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deutsche_Forschungsgemeinschaft Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft] (DFG) and British funds.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Aali2012_1-1" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;">[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saltmen#cite_note-Aali2012-1 [1]]</sup> Four corpses, including a teenager and a woman are kept at the Rakhtshuikhaneh Museum in Zanjan. A sixth corpse found in the excavation campaign 2010 was left in place at the salt mine. Three hundred pieces of fabric were found, some of which retained designs and dyes. In 2008 the Ministry of Industries and Mines canceled the mining permit.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-phsmoi_2-0" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;">[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saltmen#cite_note-phsmoi-2 [2]]</sup></p> |
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| − | [[File:Saltmen.jpg|thumb|left|266px|Head of Salt Man 1 on display at National Museum of Iran in Tehran |
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| − | ]] |
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| − | ==Research== |
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| − | <p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;">After archeological studies which included [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiocarbon_dating C14 dating] of different samples of bones and textiles, the Salt Man was dated to about 1,700 years ago. By testing a sample of hair, the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_blood_group_systems blood group] B+ was determined.</p> |
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| − | {| class="mbox-small plainlinks sistersitebox" style="font-size:12px;clear:right;float:right;margin:4px0px4px1em;width:238px;line-height:1.25em;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;border:1pxsolidrgb(170,170,170);" |
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| − | | class="mbox-image" style="border:none;padding:2px0px2px0.9em;text-align:center;"| |
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| − | | class="mbox-text plainlist" style="border:none;padding:0.25em0.9em;width:156.84375px;"|Wikinews has related news: '''''[https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Egyptian_archaeologists_announce_discovery_of_marble_statue_and_132_new_sites Egyptian archaeologists announce discovery of marble statue and 132 new sites]''''' |
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| − | |} |
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| − | <p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;">Three-dimensional pictures ([https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computed_tomography scans]) show fractures around the eye and other damage that occurred before death as result of a hard blow. Visual characteristics included long hair and a beard, and a golden earring on the left ear indicated that he was a person of rank or influence. The reason for his presence and death in the salt mine of Chehrabad remains a mystery.</p> |
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| + | In the winter of 1993, miners came across a body with long hair, a beard, and some artifacts. These included the remains of a body, a lower leg inside a leather boot, three iron knives, a woolen half trouser, a silver needle, a sling, parts of a leather rope, a grindstone, a walnut, some pottery sherds, some patterned textile fragments, and finally a few broken bones. [[Saltman1]] had been buried in the middle of a tunnel approximately 45 meters in length. |
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| − | <p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;">Three bodies are dated to the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parthian_Empire Parthian] (247 BCE–224 CE) and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sassanid_Empire Sassanid] (224–651 CE) eras, and the remainder to the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Achaemenid_Dynasty Achaemenid Dynasty] (550–330 BCE).<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-phsmoi_2-1" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;">[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saltmen#cite_note-phsmoi-2 [2]]</sup></p> |
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| − | <span style="color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;line-height:22px;">In a 2012 research,</span><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Nezamabadi_3-0" style="color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;">[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saltmen#cite_note-Nezamabadi-3 [3]]</sup><span style="color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;line-height:22px;"> </span><span style="color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;line-height:22px;">it turned out that the 2200-year-old mummy of Chehrabad had</span><span style="color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;line-height:22px;"> </span>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tapeworm Tapeworm]<span style="color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;line-height:22px;"> </span><span style="color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;line-height:22px;">eggs from the</span><span style="color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;line-height:22px;"> </span>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taenia_(genus) genus Taenia sp]<span style="color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;line-height:22px;"> </span><span style="color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;line-height:22px;">in his intestine. This brings new information on ancient diet, indicating the consumption of raw or undercooked meat and it also constitutes the earliest evidence of ancient intestinal parasites in Iran and contributes to the knowledge of gastro-intestinal pathogens in the Near East.</span><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Nezamabadi_3-1" style="color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;">[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saltmen#cite_note-Nezamabadi-3 [3]]</sup><span style="font-size:18px;">Pathology</span> |
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| − | It was revealed in 2009 by a CAT scan that Lady Rai had died in her early 30's as a result of a diseased aortic arch. She is the oldest known mummy with evidence of atherosclerosis. |
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| + | In 2004 another miner found the remains of a second man. During archaeological excavations in 2005, the remains of another two, well-preserved, men were found. The third, fourth, and the fifth "saltmen" were carbon dated. The third body was dated and placed in 2337 BP, the fourth body in 2301 BP, and the fifth mummy was dated to 2286 BP, placing them all in the Achaemenid period. A sixth corpse found in the excavation of 2010 was left in place at the salt mine. Three hundred pieces of fabric were found, some of which retained designs and dyes. |
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| − | == == |
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| + | |||
| + | ==Studies== |
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| + | |||
| + | |||
| + | |||
| + | Anatomical analysis revealed that the bones previously thought to have belonged to one individual belonged to several, and the previous number of five has since increased to at least eight individuals. Isotopic analysis of the remains revealed some of them were from the Tehran-Qazvin Plain, which is relatively local to the mine's locality, while others were from North-Eastern Iran and the coastal areas around the Caspian Sea, and a few from as far away as Central Asia |
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| + | |||
| + | The bodies are dated to the Parthian (247 BC– AD 224) and Sassanid (AD 224–651) eras, and the remainder to the Achaemenid Dynasty (550–330 BC). |
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| + | |||
| + | ==Pathology== |
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| + | Saltman No. 5 had tapeworm eggs from the Taenia sp. genus in his system. [[File:Salt4.png|thumb|left|Saltman #4]]The find indicates the consumption of raw or under-cooked meat, and this was the first case of this parasite in ancient Iran and the earliest evidence of ancient intestinal parasites in the area. |
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| + | |||
| + | The best preserved of the salt men is Saltman No. 4. A sixteen-year-old miner, crushed by a cave-in. |
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| + | ==External Links== |
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| + | https://www.atlasobscura.com/places/salt-men-iran |
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| + | |||
| + | https://www.ancient.eu/article/747/ancient-iranian-salt-mine-mummies/ |
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| + | [[Category:Natural Mummy]] |
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Latest revision as of 17:58, 13 October 2021
| Saltmen Human Mummy | |
| |
| Biographical Information | |
|---|---|
| Name(s) | Salt Men |
| Age | varied |
| Sex | m |
| Status | workers |
| Height | |
| Source | |
| Culture | Persian |
| Date(s) | 550 BC - AD 650 |
| Site | Chehrabad salt mines |
| Current Location | |
| Location | Zanjan Archaeology Museum |
| Catalog # | |
The Saltmen were discovered in the Chehrabad salt mines, located on the southern part of the Hamzehlu village, in the Zanjan Province in Iran. By 2010 the remains of six men had been discovered, most of them likely accidentally killed by the collapse of galleries they were working in. The head and left foot of Salt Man 1 are on display at the National Museum of Iran in Tehran.
In the winter of 1993, miners came across a body with long hair, a beard, and some artifacts. These included the remains of a body, a lower leg inside a leather boot, three iron knives, a woolen half trouser, a silver needle, a sling, parts of a leather rope, a grindstone, a walnut, some pottery sherds, some patterned textile fragments, and finally a few broken bones. Saltman1 had been buried in the middle of a tunnel approximately 45 meters in length.
In 2004 another miner found the remains of a second man. During archaeological excavations in 2005, the remains of another two, well-preserved, men were found. The third, fourth, and the fifth "saltmen" were carbon dated. The third body was dated and placed in 2337 BP, the fourth body in 2301 BP, and the fifth mummy was dated to 2286 BP, placing them all in the Achaemenid period. A sixth corpse found in the excavation of 2010 was left in place at the salt mine. Three hundred pieces of fabric were found, some of which retained designs and dyes.
Studies
Anatomical analysis revealed that the bones previously thought to have belonged to one individual belonged to several, and the previous number of five has since increased to at least eight individuals. Isotopic analysis of the remains revealed some of them were from the Tehran-Qazvin Plain, which is relatively local to the mine's locality, while others were from North-Eastern Iran and the coastal areas around the Caspian Sea, and a few from as far away as Central Asia
The bodies are dated to the Parthian (247 BC– AD 224) and Sassanid (AD 224–651) eras, and the remainder to the Achaemenid Dynasty (550–330 BC).
Pathology
Saltman No. 5 had tapeworm eggs from the Taenia sp. genus in his system.
Saltman #4
The find indicates the consumption of raw or under-cooked meat, and this was the first case of this parasite in ancient Iran and the earliest evidence of ancient intestinal parasites in the area.
The best preserved of the salt men is Saltman No. 4. A sixteen-year-old miner, crushed by a cave-in.
External Links
https://www.atlasobscura.com/places/salt-men-iran
https://www.ancient.eu/article/747/ancient-iranian-salt-mine-mummies/